We have recently implemented intracranial EEG (iEEG) techniques in patients with medically resistant epilepsy to elucidate the spatiotemporal dynamics of odor processing in the human brain, with a focus on piriform cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and orbitofrontal cortex. These studies provide an important complement to our fMRI experiments, bringing a formal electrophysiological understanding of odor coding and intra-regional and inter-regional coupling in time, space, frequency, and phase. Our recent studies have shown that the slow rhythm of natural breathing entrains electrical activity in human piriform cortex, with a reliance on the nasal vs. oral route of respiration, and that an odor stimulus induces robust theta oscillations (3-7 Hz) in piriform cortex, from which odor information can be decoded within 100-500 ms of a sniff. Ongoing work is investigating the mechanistic underpinnings of odor-induced theta in olfactory perception and decision-making, and the role of targeted stimulation to causally perturb oscillatory rhythms and determine effects on perception and behavior.